The MMPI-2-RF revised version of the MMPI-2 FBS (FBS-r) retains 30 of the original 43 FBS items. The C-S SVTs on the MMPI-2 include the Fake Bad Scale (FBS Lees-Haley, English, & Glenn, 1991), now named the Symptom Validity Scale, and the Response Bias Scale (RBS Gervais, Ben-Porath, Wygant, & Green, 2007). The scales that assess non-credible reporting of psychopathology or emotional distress include the MMPI-2 Infrequency (F), Back F (F B) scale, and the Infrequency Psychopathology (F P) scale and the corresponding MMPI-2-RF scales (F-r and F P-r). The purpose of this research is to examine cutoffs that may be useful for diagnosing psychometrically determined malingering at three levels (Probable, Probable to Definite, and Definite ) and a group that combines all malingering groups (CM).
Cutoff scores have clinical utility and have been established in a variety of settings for the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF Cognitive-Somatic SVTs (C-S SVTs), but no research has specifically addressed cutoffs to predict malingering for these scales in a military sample. Because of the differences in content and apparent superiority of the cognitive-somatic scales in the context of neuropsychological evaluations, additional research is indicated with application in a military sample. Results of a principal component analysis in a military sample by Jones and Ingram (2011) also indicate that the Cognitive-Somatic Validity Scales and validity scales related to psychopathology load on distinctly different components.
Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) and the related but restructured set of scales on the MMPI-2-RF ( Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008). There is a body of evidence ( Nelson, Sweet, & Heilbronner, 2007 Gervais, Ben-Porath, Wygant, & Green, 2008 Whitney, Davis, Shepard, & Herman 2008 Gervais, Ben-Porath, Wygant, Green, & Sellbom, 2010 Nelson, Hoelzle, Sweet, Arbisi, & Demakis, 2010 Jones & Ingram, 2011 Youngjohn, Wershba, Stevenson, Sturgeon, & Thomas, 2011 Peck et al., 2013) that demonstrates Symptom Validity Tests (SVTs) specifically designed to assess the validity or credibility of self-reported cognitive and/or somatic symptoms perform better in a variety of clinical and forensic settings than the validity scales that assess over-reporting of emotional distress or psychopathology on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality-2 (MMPI-2 Butcher, Dahlstrom. MMPI-2, MMPI-2-R, Malingering, Military, Symptom validity Introduction
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